The Bank Of England (BoE) for the first time is asking British insurers to gauge how global warming might affect the value of the stocks and bonds they hold - and its potential to upend financial markets.
The central bank, which regulates the UK financial services industry, included three scenarios related to climate change in a broader stress test of how robust the industry would be in times of strain.
It’s asking for answers by October 31.
The exercise, which started in June, is part of a broader effort by BoE Governor Mark Carney to focus the attention of investors on environmental issues and on how those are creating new risks for the financial system.
After almost 200 nations backed the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, agreeing to limits on fossil fuel emissions, economies everywhere are adding regulations on pollution from coal and spurring investment in renewables such as wind and solar.
“What’s most interesting is the way the stress test will change the way the insurers will think about these particular sectors,” said Mark Lewis, global head of sustainability research at BNP Paribas SA’s asset management unit.
The three climate scenarios by the bank’s Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) are “exploratory” in nature.
The “hypothetical narratives” are designed to “promote discussion on how business models and balance sheets may need to adapt, not about assessing current financial resilience,” it said in a guidelines document published on June 18.
The assumptions set out by the PRA are “purposely non-exhaustive as the goal of this scenario analysis is investigatory in nature,” the regulator said.
“The PRA recognises that for different portfolios, the materiality of natural catastrophe perils and asset classes affected will differ.”
The exercise may prompt shareholders to see insurers as a more risky prospect, said David Lunsford, co-founder and head of development at Carbon Delta, which advises on climate risks and provided input to the PRA as it drew up its request.
“The interest of the PRA is to look at the most extreme scenarios,” he said.
“While many people think insurers understand natural disasters enough to cope with climate change, the issue will present many challenges.
“Some insurance companies might be more exposed than was expected before the tests.”
The scenarios chosen by the BoE are not necessarily expected outcomes.
They reflect a “particularly abrupt change” and seem to take note of how markets work, said Edwin Anderson, a partner at management consultant Oliver Wyman.
“Potential hits on short-term income could lead to large dips in equity value,” said Anderson, whose firm also fed into the PRA’s thinking.
One of Anderson’s specialties is advising insurance regulators on risks within complicated insurers.
Insurers including Aviva and Prudential declined to comment.
Steven Findlay, head of prudential regulation at industry group the Association of British Insurers in London, welcomed the exercise.
“These are encouraging both firms and regulators alike to consider the climate change implications for insurers’ balance sheet, today and into the future, and how these should best be managed,” Findlay said.
“We are looking forward to seeing the conclusions next year.”
Lewis at BNP said the scenarios might set off some deep thinking about how other investors will react to political developments on the environment in the months and years ahead.